Glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients visiting KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur

Abstract

Introduction:In developing countries like Nepal, the prevalence of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is increasing by geometric progression due to modernization, changes in food habits and absence of physical activity. Recognizing the determinants of poor glycemic status may contribute to the clearer understanding of modifiable antecedents of diabetes-related complications that may help to achieve improved patient function and outcome.

Methods:The study was conducted  from Mangsir 1, 2077 to Baishakh 15, 2078. The variables included were age, sex, marital status, education level, smoking habit, body mass index, duration of diabetes mellitus fasting and postprandial blood sugar level and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C).  In  the  descriptive statistics,  frequency,  percentage,  mean  and  standard  deviation  (SD)  were  calculated  while  in  the  inferential statistics, chi-square was used for qualitative variables and unpaired T- test for quantitative variables. Multiple binary logistic regressions were used to determine factors associated with poor glycemic control. A P-value of<0.05 was considered statistically significant

Result:Out of the 175 patients mean age is 53.7 ± 11.39 years with female dominance. Mean HbA1c is 8.07± 2.25%. Majority (55.5% ) have poor  glycaemic control denoted by HbA1C >7%. Patients with duration of more than 5 years had higher odds of poor glycemic control (OR=1.97; 95% CI: 1.078, 3.62) compared to those with the duration of 5 years and less. More than 12 years of formal education was associated with decreased odds of poor glycemic control (OR=0.47; 95% CI: 0.22,1.02).

Conclusion:Increasing the literacy rate and implementing programs that emphasize lifestyle modification to delay the onset of development of diabetes mellitus should be encouraged to achieve good glycemic control in diabetic patients.